Comportamento antropofílico de mosquitos do gênero Aedes no Campus Bom Conselho, Taubaté - SP

Abstract

Resumo: Culicideos sao insetos pertencentes a ordem Diptera e a familia Culicidae e sao conhecidos popularmente como mosquitos e pernilongos. Esses dipteros compoem duas subfamilias de interesse medico, capazes de transmitir uma serie de arboviroses. A transmissao e facilitada pelo comportamento antropofilico de femeas que ao realizarem a hematofagia inoculam junto com a sua saliva os agentes patogenicos. Dentre as principais especies vetoras podemos citar o Anopheles aquasalis, transmissor da malaria nas Americas, o Culex quinquefasciatus transmissor da filariose bancroftiana e Aedes aegypti, vetor da dengue, febre chikungunya, febre amarela e zika virus. Fatores abioticos e bioticos influenciam na atratividade das femeas frente a sua fonte de alimentacao, destacando a preferencia das mesmas em realizar o repasto sanguineo no intradomicilio, onde ha pouca interferencia direta de luz e maior fonte de alimento. O presente estudo teve por objetivo verificar o comportamento antropofilico de mosquitos femeas do genero Aedes no Campus do Bom Conselho, Taubate, SP. O local de estudo foi dividido em blocos A, B, C e D e cada bloco subdividido em area interna e externa. As areas internas foram constituidas por salas de aula e a area externa por locais coletivos ao ar livre. As coletas foram realizadas semanalmente entre os meses de fevereiro a junho, com coletas matutinas entre 09h e 10h e vespertina entre 16h e 17h. Os alados foram capturados por meio de busca ativa com auxilio de um aspirador manual eletrico e um puca. Os adultos capturados foram transportados ate o Laboratorio de Parasitologia da Universidade e congelados a -10oC durante 1h, para reducao da digestao das femeas ingurgitadas e sacrificio. Em seguida, os alados capturados foram divididos em lotes e a identificacao do genero foi realizada de acordo com a morfologia da antena e o desenho em forma de ¡§lira¡¨ presente no abdome dos A. aegypti. Durante o periodo de estudo foram coletados 121 adultos, destes 79 pertenciam ao genero Aedes e 42 a outros generos. Com relacao ao sexo, do total de mosquitos coletados 78,5% (n=95) eram femeas e 21,4% (n=26) machos. Nas areas internas do Campus foram capturadas 61 (50,4%) femeas de Aedes, sendo que destas 33 (27,2%) estavam ingurgitadas. Nas areas externas, foram capturadas 31 femeas, destas 13 (10,7%) estavam ingurgitadas, entretanto apenas uma pertencia ao genero Aedes. Frente aos resultados obtidos concluir-se que as especies mais frequentes no Campus Bom Conselho pertencem aos generos Aedes e Culex. Alem disso, pode-se concluir que os mosquitos do genero Aedes, em especial A. aegypti mostrou elevado comportamento antropofilico quando comparado as outras especies coletadas. E por fim, conclui-se que no Campus do Bom Conselho as areas internas sao os locais de maior concentracao de femeas ingurgitadas de culicideos.

Abstract: Culicidae are insects belonging to the order Diptera and the family Culicidae and are popularly known as mosquitoes and mosquitoes. These diptera are two subfamilies of medical interest, capable of transmitting a series of arboviruses. The transmission is facilitated by the anthropophilic behavior of females that, when performing hematophagy, inoculate the pathogens together with their saliva. Among the main vector species we can mention Anopheles aquasalis, malaria transmitter in the Americas, Culex quinquefasciatus, bancroftian filariasis transmitter and Aedes aegypti, dengue vector, chikungunya fever, yellow fever and zika virus. Abiotic and biotic factors influence the attractiveness of females compared to their food source, highlighting their preference to perform the blood meal in the home, where there is little direct interference of light and greater food source. This study aimed to verify the anthropophilic behavior of female mosquitoes of the genus Aedes at the Bom Conselho Campus, Taubaté, SP. The study site was divided into blocks A, B, C and D and each block was subdivided into internal and external areas. The internal areas consisted of classrooms and the external area of open-air collective areas. The collections were made weekly between the months of February and June, with morning collections between 9am and 10am and afternoon between 4pm and 5pm. The wings were captured by means of an active search with the help of a manual electric vacuum cleaner and a puçá. The captured adults were transported to the Parasitology Laboratory of the university and frozen at -10ºC for 1 hour to reduce the digestion of the engorged females and sacrifice. Then, the captured wings were divided into lots and gender identification was performed according to the antenna morphology and the "lyre-shaped" design present in the abdomen of A. aegypti. During the study period, 121 adults were collected, of these 79 belonged to the genus Aedes and 42 to other genera. Regarding gender, 78.5% (n=95) of the total mosquitoes collected were female and 21.4% (n=26) male. In the internal areas of the Campus, 61 (50.4%) Aedes females were captured, and of these 33 (27.2%) were engorged. In the external areas, 31 females were captured, of which 13 (10.7%) were engorged, but only one belonged to the genus Aedes. In view of the results obtained, it can be concluded that the most frequent species in the Bom Conselho Campus belong to the genera Aedes and Culex. In addition, it can be concluded that mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, especially A. aegypti, showed high anthropophilic behavior when compared to other species collected. And finally, it is concluded that in the Bom Conselho Campus the internal areas are the places with the highest concentration of ingurgitated females of Culicidae.