Pequenas empresas e grandes mulheres : trajetórias profissionais de empreendedoras

Abstract

Resumo: Na sociedade contemporânea, em busca por igualdade de gênero, uma forma para a conquista de espaços pelas mulheres no mundo do trabalho é o empreendedorismo. Ao longo de um tempo histórico, o empreendedorismo feminino foi ganhando espaço. Tal fato estimulou o interesse por essa pesquisa, guiada pela seguinte questão: atualmente, como tem sido a inserção das mulheres no mundo do trabalho? Quando empreendedoras, quais os aspectos facilitadores e dificultadores dessa trajetória? Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o de identificar os acontecimentos marcantes, determinantes de direções e escolhas, bem como os significados atribuídos por essas mulheres aos incidentes críticos que compuseram suas trajetórias profissionais como empreendedoras. Nesse estudo, a ideia de empreendedorismo refere-se às pessoas que, de maneira criativa e inovadora, planejam e colocam em prática projetos profissionais. Optou-se por conhecer a trajetória profissional de quinze empreendedoras de uma cidade do Vale Paraíba, interior de São Paulo. Buscou-se conhecer o caminho de inovação, criatividade e transformação percorrido por essas mulheres, que são pertencentes às três gerações profissionais reconhecidas como Baby Boomer, X e Y, nascidas entre 1946 a 2000. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa e do tipo biográfica-narrativa, foi realizada mediante entrevistas biográficas, realizadas em dois momentos. Após serem tratados, os dados narrativos foram organizados em Biogramas, cuja sobreposições permitiram a identificação dos acontecimentos singulares e comuns a cada participante e/ou geração. As entrevistas mostraram que a narrativa da própria história de vida pode ser uma ferramenta, para reconhecer-se, de revalorização de esforços e alternativas de soluções pontuais, além do fortalecimento para experiências futuras. Os resultados sugerem que as diferenças geracionais têm aspecto complementar e não somente divergente, podendo ser utilizado como referência e base para futuras empreendedoras, sugerindo estratégias de inovação e manutenção dos seus negócios.The present study studies the Folkloric and Religious Mozambique group São Benedito de Lorena-SP. It was sought in the research to understand how a group of traditional popular culture develops its performances in constant changes in the contemporary culture. As a methodological dimension, we used the open interview, field research and daily life of the group, based on the qualitative approach, exploratory and descriptive in nature, with the ethnomethodology as the basis for research. It was possible to analyze the festive and religious dimensions and the internal organization of the group, to understand how traditional popular culture dialogues with the contemporary world. Mozambique brings basic actions to the dimension of human development, such as rituals, symbolic meanings, memories, feeling of belonging and acting in social spaces, updating the knowledge present in their practices. These questions include the research in the Research Line Human Development, Identity and Training, PPG in Human Development, University of Taubaté. The Folkloric and Religious Mozambique group São Benedito is a space of popular culture, as an agent that carries out in its know-how, the cultural mediation of the dimensions of the group tradition to the contemporary field.

Abstract: In contemporary society, in search of gender equality, one way to gain space for women in the world of work is entrepreneurship. Over a historical time, female entrepreneurship has been gaining ground. This fact stimulated interest in this research, guided by the following question: currently, how has the insertion of women in the world of work? When entrepreneurs, what are the facilitating and hindering aspects of this trajectory? The objective was to identify the marked events, determinants of directions and choices, as well as the meanings attributed by these women to the critical incidents that made up their professional trajectories as entrepreneurs. In this study, the idea of entrepreneurship refers to people who, in a creative and innovative way, plan and put into practice professional projects. It was decided to know the professional trajectory of fifteen entrepreneurs from a city of Vale of Paraíba, in the interior of São Paulo. It was sought to know the path of innovation, creativity and transformation undergone by these women, who belong to the three professional generations recognized as Baby Boomer, X and Y, born between 1946 and 2000. The research, of a qualitative and biographical- narrative, was performed through biographical interviews, carried out in two moments. After being treated, the narrative data were organized in Biograms, whose overlaps allowed the identification of the singular and common events to each participant and / or generation. The interviews showed that the narrative of life history itself can be a tool, to recognize itself, of revaluation of efforts and alternatives of punctual solutions, in addition to strengthening for future experiences. The results suggest that the generational differences have a complementary and not only divergent aspect, being able to be used as reference and base for future entrepreneurs, suggesting strategies of innovation and maintenance of their businesses.